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• Supported version: 0.6.5

While you don't need a fresh install of macOS to use OpenCore, some users prefer having a fresh slate with their boot manager upgrades.

To start we'll want to grab ourselves a copy of macOS. You can skip this and head to formatting the USB if you're just making a bootable OpenCore stick and not an installer. For everyone else, you can either download macOS from the App Store or with gibMacOS.

# Downloading macOS: Modern OS

• This method allows you to download macOS 10.13 and newer, for 10.12 and older see Downloading macOS: Legacy OS

From a macOS machine that meets the requirements of the OS version you want to install, go directly to the App Store and download the desired OS release and continue to Setting up the installer.

For machines that need a specific OS release or can't download from the App Store, you can use the gibMacOS utility.

Now let's grab gibMacOS(opens new window), then unzip it into a local directory.

Next run the gibMacOS.command:

As you can see, we get a nice list of macOS installers. If you need beta versions of macOS, you can select C. Change Catalog. For this example we'll choose 1:

• macOS 11, Big Sur Note: As this OS is quite new, there's still some issues with certain systems to resolve. For more information, see here: OpenCore and macOS 11: Big Sur
  • For first time users, we recommend macOS 10.15, Catalina
• Nvidia GPU Note: Reminder to verify whether your hardware support newer OSes, see Hardware Limitations

This is going to take a while as we're downloading the entire 8GB+ macOS installer, so it's highly recommended to read the rest of the guide while you wait.

Once finished, we have to either extract the installer or build it:

• Extracting the installer
  • For macOS 11+
• Building the installer
  • For 10.15 and older

# Extracting the installer

For macOS 11 and newer, Apple now packages up the installer into the InstallAssistant package. This will be located under gibMacOS/macOS Downloads/:

Run the InstallAssistant.pkg and point this to whichever drive you're booting off of, this is where the Install.app will be dropped:

Once done, you should find it located in your Applications folder:

From here, jump to Setting up the installer to finish your work.

# Building the installer

For macOS 10.15 and older, the installer will be downloaded in pieces and will need to be built. Here we'll want to run the BuildmacOSInstallApp.command:

You will be prompted for the macOS installer files which were downloaded to macOS Downloads folder in the gibMacOS directory.

From the Finder, drill down to the folder containing the downloaded files and either drag it to the command line or 'Cmd+C' and paste it to the terminal.

Once the task is completed, exit the utility. You will find the Install file in the directory.

Move the newly created image to the Applications folder – this will simplify the next section.

From here, jump to Setting up the installer to finish your work.

# Downloading macOS: Legacy OS

• This method allows you to download much older versions of OS X, currently supporting all Intel versions of OS X(10.4 to current)

# Legacy macOS: Offline method

This method allows us to download full installers from Apple, however is limited to 10.10, Yosemite, so older OSes will need to be grabbed via the 'Online Method' mentioned below.

To start, go to the following link:

Download your desired version and a .pkg file should be provided.

Depending on what OS you're on, you can run this script and head to Setting up the installer however if you receive this error:

C Debugging Tool For Mac Sierra Terminal Download

This means we'll need to manually extract the installer.

C++ Debugging Tool For Mac Sierra Terminals

# Extracting the Installer

To start, grab the InstallMacOSX/InstallOS.dmg and mount it:

Next, let's open up terminal window and make a folder on our desktop to break things. Run one at a time:

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Now we get to the fun part, extracting the installer(Note this may take a few minutes):

• For El Capitan(10.11) and older:

• For Sierra(10.12):

Next, run the following(one at a time):

• Yosemite:

• El Capitan:

• Sierra:

Once this is done, you can head to Setting up the installer!

# Legacy macOS: Online method

This method allows us to download legacy versions of macOS including 10.7 to current, however these are only recovery installers so require an internet connection inside the installer itself

To start, you'll want to use macrecovery.py instead. This tool is actually already bundled in OpenCorePkg:

Instructions for running are quite simple, choose from one of the below commands depending on which OS you want to download:

From here, run one of those commands in terminal and once finished you'll get an output similar to this:

Once this is done, format your USB as FAT32 with GUID Partition Scheme:

And finally, create folder on the root of this drive called com.apple.recovery.boot and place the newly downloaded BaseSystem/RecoveryImage files in:

From here, you can skip to Setting up OpenCore's EFI environment

# Legacy macOS: Disk Images

This method instead relies on hosted images either from Apple or Acidanthera, and restoring onto your drive.

# Acidanthera Images

The below installers were pulled from genuine Mac restore disks with their SMBIOS lock removed, contents of OS X itself have not been modified in any way.

# Apple Images

Note that these images require you to have an Apple Developer account to access.

# Restoring the drive

Now comes the fun part, you'll first want to open the dmg you just downloaded and have it mounted. Now open Disk Utility and format your drive as macOS Extended(HFS+) with a GUID partition map:

Next we have 2 options to follow:

• ASR Restore(Apple Software Restore)
  • Terminal based, works with SIP enabled
• Disk Utility Restore
  • May require SIP disabled in newer OSes

# ASR

Here you'll simply want to open terminal and run the following:

• Note: This may not align with your setup, please change accordingly:
  • Change /Volumes/Mac OS X Install DVD to what your mounted Disk Image is called
  • Change /Volumes/MyVolume to what your USB is called

This will take some time but once you're finished, you can skip to Setting up OpenCore's EFI environment

# Disk Utility

Due to some pesky issues with Disk Utility, many restores can fail if SIP is enabled. If you have issues we recommend either using the ASR Method or disable SIP.

To start, open Disk Utility and you should see both your USB drive and the Disk Image in the sidebar. From here, select restore

This will take some time but once you're finished, you can skip to Setting up OpenCore's EFI environment

If you get an error such as this one during restore:

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This likely means SIP needs to be disabled, however we recommend using ASR Method instead.

# Setting up the installer

Now we'll be formatting the USB to prep for both the macOS installer and OpenCore. We'll want to use macOS Extended (HFS+) with a GUID partition map. This will create two partitions: the main MyVolume and a second called EFI which is used as a boot partition where your firmware will check for boot files.

• Note: By default, Disk Utility only shows partitions – press Cmd/Win+2 to show all devices (alternatively you can press the View button)
• Note 2: Users following 'Legacy macOS: Online method' section can skip to Setting up OpenCore's EFI environment

Next run the createinstallmedia command provided by Apple(opens new window). Note that the command is made for USB's formatted with the name MyVolume:

This will take some time so you may want to grab a coffee or continue reading the guide (to be fair you really shouldn't be following this guide step by step without reading the whole thing first).

You can also replace the createinstallmedia path with that of where your installer's located (same idea with the drive name).

Pulled from Apple's own site: How to create a bootable installer for macOS(opens new window)

# Legacy Setup

For systems not supporting UEFI boot, see below:

To start, you need the following:

• BootInstall_IA32.tool or BootInstall_X64.tool
  • This can be found in OpenCorePkg under /Utilties/LegacyBoot/
• Install USB(Created above)

Within your OpenCore build folder, navigate to Utilities/LegacyBoot. Here you'll find a file called BootInstall_ARCH.tool. What this does is install DuetPkg to your desired drive.

Now run this tool in terminal with sudo(This tool will likely fail otherwise):

This will give you a list of available disks, choose yours and you will be prompted to write a new MBR. Choose yes[y] and you'll be finished.

This will provide you with an EFI partition with either a bootia32 or bootx64 file

# Setting up OpenCore's EFI environment

Setting up OpenCore's EFI environment is simple – all you need to do is mount our EFI system partition. This is automatically made when we format with GUID but is unmounted by default, this is where our friend MountEFI(opens new window) comes in:

You'll notice that once we open the EFI partition, it's empty. This is where the fun begins.

# Now with all of this done, head to Setting up the EFI to finish up your work

I have quite a number of Bluetooth devices connected to my iMac: Apple's Magic Mouse 2, Magic Keyboard, and the original Magic Trackpad. (Yes, I use both the mouse and the trackpad.) There's also a pair of Sentey Bluetooth Headphones and a Satechi numeric keypad. Up until macOS Sierra, I hadn't had any issues with these devices at all.

C Debugging Tool For Mac Sierra Terminal 4

Since Sierra, though, my trackpad would occasionally disconnect then reconnect, which was annoying but generally harmless, given its role primarily as a shortcut touchpad. Much worse, though, were the Bluetooth headphones: I would hear horrible stuttering and skipping at random but frequent intervals. The audio dropouts were bad enough to make using the Bluetooth headphones impossible.

What follows isn't really a tip per se, because there's nothing here that shows how I fixed the problem for good. I have, however, found a workaround that restores my audio, which is something, at least. But if you're having Bluetooth-related issues, you may find this writeup useful, as I cover some of the tools I used to try to resolve my Bluetooth issues.

[Note: This article was updated to include information on how to use Apple's free developer accounts to download one of the tools I used—thanks to Torben for pointing this out in the comments; I had no idea there was still a free level of developer account.]

At first, I suspected the headphones as the cause of the problem, as they were quite cheap when I bought them. (I think they've since been discontinued, so they're now a lot pricier.) However, when I used the same headphones with my iOS devices, I'd have no dropouts at all.

If it wasn't the headphones, it had to either be interference from some other device in our home, or something specific to my iMac's setup. Given the headphones worked fine with iOS devices, even when sitting in the same room as the iMac, I figured it had to be an iMac issue.

Investigating the problem

The next time I heard the audio interruptions, I launched Console (in Applications > Utilities) and found hundreds of ton of messages like these:

The messages were logged every 0.02 seconds, and would repeat for hundreds and hundreds of entries. If I toggled Bluetoooth off and then on again (with a USB keyboard/mouse plugged in), things would get better…for a while. Then the audio skipping would start again, along with the flood of console messages. So I dug further.

Getting more control over Bluetooth

As a first step, I enabled Bluetooth logging using this handy tip, which reveals a Debug menu item in the Bluetooth menu bar item. Just hold down Shift and Option when you select the menu, and you'll see the Debug menu:

With logging enabled, I was able to see an additional set of messages that always preceded the audio dropouts:

This seemed to show one of the devices disappearing, and it was followed by more Bluetooth-related error messages.

I thought maybe it was time to try something else from the hidden Debug menu: Reset the Bluetooth Module. When I did this, all my devices vanished for a bit, then came back. Sadly, so too did the audio dropouts. So that wasn't a fix. I also tried 'Factory reset all connected Apple devices.' Same result: no change.

Isolating the problem

At this point, I figured there must be interference from one of my Bluetooth devices, so I started experimenting, turning one off at a time and replacing it with its wired counterpart. This turned out to be the key to finding the cause of the problem: When my Apple Magic Mouse 2 is disconnected, audio playback over Bluetooth is perfect. My trackpad hasn't disconnected, either. But when the mouse is on, sometimes audio playback is perfect, but oftentimes it's unusable.

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So that's that—there's some sort of issue with my Apple Magic Mouse 2 that causes audio interference. Not all the time, but a lot of the time. So is my mouse bad? I don't know. I had no issues with these exact peripherals under El Capitan. I might have to purchase a new mouse to see if the problem goes away (we do have another Mac it could be used on, so it wouldn't be a total waste of money.) For now, I've found that if I turn the mouse off for a few minutes then turn it back on, I'll get a good long run of unbroken music playback. (I could just leave it off and use the trackpad, but I like the precision the mouse offers.)

Knowing the source of the problem, and having a workaround of sorts, is probably good enough for me for now. I'm hoping this is some sort of macOS bug that's fixed in a future update. But before I wrap this up, just a little aside on a tool that can really help you see what's going on with your Bluetooth devices…unfortuantely, while the tool itself is free, it requires a $99 per year membership fee, payable to Apple…and you can get it for free!

Diving deep into Bluetooth

Even though I don't write any 'real' code (AppleScripts and shell scripts are about as close as I come), I'm enrolled in Apple's $99/year developer program. True, I have to be for my day job, but even before that, I was a registered developer—primarily to gain access to beta versions of macOS (Mac OS X). But even if you don't pay, you can still download Xcode and other developer tools—including something called the Hardware IOTools for Xcode 7, which includes a nifty little app called Bluetooth Explorer.

Get the Bluetooth Explorer app

To get this app for yourself, start by logging in on the Apple Developer page using your usual Apple ID. You'll have to read and agree to a couple of agreements, but once you do that, you're in as a 'free' developer. (The rest of the links in this section will require you to be logged in.)

You can download Xcode from the Downloads page, but you don't need that huge package. Instead, head over to the More Downloads page, and search for Hardware IO tools:

You want the first one … alternatively, use this link to download them directly: Hardware IO Tools for Xcode 7.3 (12.7MB). After downloading, open the disk image and drag Bluetooth Explorer wherever you'd like to keep it—I have a Dev Utilities folder for such tools.

Use Bluetooth Explorer

Bluetooth Explorer really lets you dig into all the nitty-gritty of Bluetooth. I'm not sure if it will help solve my problem or not (I have it running now, waiting for the problem to recur), but it certainly looks like it could provide more clues, if not an outright answer.

Itool For Mac

Here's how it looks, set up to view my connected devices, with pretty much every available window shown.

Of particular interest to me are the Event Log (large top center window) and the link characteristics graphs (left side). I'll keep my eye on these graphs the next time the dropout problem recurs. Obviously, you don't need every window open to use the apps—choose which windows to see via the Tools menu, or get access to many of them via the Dashboard window—just press Command-0.

And yes, this tool scores high on the geekery scale. But if you're stuck with a Bluetooth problem, it just might be the geekery you need to solve it.

C++ Debugging Tool For Mac Sierra Terminal Commands